Metformin: Helps improve insulin sensitivity and may reduce androgen production.

Brief information about it:

Metformin is a medication commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes. It works by improving the body’s sensitivity to insulin, helping to lower blood sugar levels. Additionally, metformin may also reduce androgen production, which can be beneficial for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Uses:

·  Type 2 diabetes: Metformin is a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, often used in combination with lifestyle modifications like diet and exercise.

·  Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Metformin can help reduce androgen levels in women with PCOS, which can improve symptoms like irregular periods, acne, and excessive hair growth.

Mechanism of action:

Metformin primarily works by:

• Improving insulin sensitivity: It increases the body’s response to insulin, helping glucose enter the cells and lower blood sugar levels.
• Reducing hepatic glucose production: Metformin decreases the amount of glucose produced by the liver.
• Reducing androgen production: In women with PCOS, metformin may help reduce the production of excess androgens, which can contribute to the condition’s symptoms.

Elimination half life:

The elimination half-life of metformin varies depending on the specific formulation and individual factors. However, on average, it takes about 6-7 hours for half of the medication to be eliminated from the body.

Route of Administration:

Metformin is available in oral tablets or extended-release capsules. It is typically taken with meals to reduce gastrointestinal side effects.

Side effects:

Metformin may cause some side effects, including:

• Gastrointestinal disturbances: Diarrhea, nausea, and bloating are common side effects, especially when starting the medication.
• Lactic acidosis: A rare but serious side effect, lactic acidosis, can occur in individuals with certain medical conditions or who are taking other medications.
• Vitamin B12 deficiency: Metformin may interfere with the absorption of vitamin B12.

Dose:

The appropriate dose of metformin will depend on your individual needs and medical history. Your healthcare provider will determine the best dose for you.

Precautions:

Before taking metformin, it’s important to discuss any potential risks with your healthcare provider. Some precautions include:

• Kidney disease: Metformin should be used with caution in individuals with kidney problems.
• Liver disease: Metformin should not be used in individuals with severe liver disease.
• Heart failure: Metformin should be used with caution in individuals with heart failure.
• Alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of lactic acidosis.