What is coronary artery disease?
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a condition in which the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked due to a buildup of plaque (atherosclerosis). This plaque consists of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin.
What are the symptoms of coronary artery disease?
The symptoms can vary depending on the severity of the condition and may include:
- Angina: chest pain or discomfort that often feels like pressure or dragging.
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Feeling dizzy or lightheaded
- Rapid heartbeat
- Sweating
- Nausea or vomiting
Who can suffer from coronary artery disease?
Anyone can get CAD, but certain factors increase your risk, such as:
• Age
• Family history
• Smoking
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Diabetes
• Obesity
• Lack of physical activity
• Stress
What are the types of coronary artery disease?
• Stable angina: Chest pain that occurs with exertion and is relieved with rest or medication.
• Unstable angina: Chest pain that occurs at rest or with minimal exertion and may be a sign of an impending heart attack.
• Heart attack: Occurs when blood flow to the heart is completely blocked.
What tests are available for coronary artery disease?
• Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): Records the electrical activity of the heart.
• Echocardiogram: Uses sound waves to make images of the heart.
• Stress test: Evaluates heart function during exercise.
• Blood test: Measures cholesterol levels, blood sugar and other markers.
• Coronary angiography: Uses X-rays to look at the heart’s arteries.
What is the treatment for coronary artery disease?
• Treatment depends on the severity of the condition and may include:
• Lifestyle changes: Healthy diet, regular exercise and quitting smoking.
• Medications: To control blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar.
• Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI): Procedure to open blocked arteries using a balloon and stent.
• Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG): Surgery to bypass blocked arteries.
What diet should I follow?
A heart-healthy diet is essential to controlling CAD. This should include:
• Fruits and vegetables
• Whole grains
• Lean proteins
• Healthy fats
• Limiting saturated and trans fats
• Reducing sodium intake
Which doctor will treat coronary artery disease?
• Cardiologist
Can coronary artery disease be completely cured?
Although CAD cannot be completely cured, it can be effectively managed with lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes surgical intervention. Early detection and treatment are important to prevent complications and improve quality of life.
